Research invisibility
Only 25% of doctoral dissertations ever reach a peer-reviewed journal (Evans et al., 2018). Less than 12% of UK dissertations receive even a single citation (Kousha & Thelwall, 2020). The work sits in university archives. Undiscoverable. Uncredited. Unused.
Real example: A student's 2014 HIV forecasting research sits in a university archive, it could save lives, but no one knows it exists.
Research duplication
93% of researchers whose work has been duplicated had no idea it happened. $28 billion is spent annually on irreproducible research in the US alone (Freedman et al., PLOS Biology). Students spend months solving problems already solved.
Real example: Another student researches the same HIV forecasting problem in 2020, completely unaware the problem was solved in 2014.
Credit theft
Around 30% of researchers report witnessing or experiencing someone taking credit for their unpublished work (International Research Integrity Survey, 35,000 researchers globally). Nature's biennial PhD survey consistently finds 25 to 35% of doctoral students cite unfair credit distribution as a primary source of supervisor conflict. Without defensible proof of authorship, exploitation continues unchallenged.
Real example: A student's supervisor plagiarised their work and published without their name. No recourse existed.
Industry–academia gap
Global R&D investment reached $2.8 trillion in 2023 (OECD/WIPO). Yet most grassroots research never reaches the companies that need it. The UK Research Excellence Framework now weights impact beyond academia at 25% (UKRI, 2021). Most research never gets that far.
Real example: A company pays for a consultant to solve a problem that a student already solved in their thesis. Neither knew the other existed.